Red sprites are large-scale electric discharges that occur in the mesosphere, high above thunderstormclouds, or cumulonimpus, flickering in the night sky.
Various pictures of the northern lights. Depending on the cloud cover, stars and planes are visible as continuous or disrupted (or blurry) lines. The criss-crossing lights in the sky are traces of satellites. Also car lights can be seen on the street at the bottom of the frame.
Meteors move usually very fast and leave a dashed line in the stack. Here are some pictures of meteors, some of them quite big with an abrupt stop. When the sky is clear, there are small meteors with short traces in almost every 20 minute stack (like in the first picture, all dashed lines are meteors).
Planes and also their condensation trails can often be seen quite clearly. The Trondheim international airport is located XXX km north west of Hessdalen. Plane tracks can be non-continuous when there are clouds in the sky. The condensation trails get dispersed by wind and leave characteristic images in the stack. The big bright thing in the middle of the first image is the moon.
Cosmics are cosmic particles hitting the camera sensor. They can appear anywhere in the image, creating long or short, straight or curved white tracks. They are only present in one single frame and thus rather easily detectable.
Light pillars are an atmospheric optical phenomenon in which a vertical beam of light appears to extend above and/or below a light source. The effect is created by the reflection of light from tiny ice crystals that are suspended in the atmosphere or that comprise high-altitude clouds.