Summary after 16 sources about the Hessdalen Phenomena were uploaded to Notebook LLM :

These sources provide an overview of Project Hessdalen and the EMBLA Project, focusing on the study of unexplained luminous atmospheric phenomena occurring in the Hessdalen valley of Norway. Several documents detail scientific expeditions using various instrumentation. Those include radio spectrum analyzers, radar, magnetometers, and optical systems to measure the lights and their associated electromagnetic and geophysical properties. The findings are ranging from the detection of anomalous radio signals (spikes and Doppler shifts) to the estimation of the light's power and spectral characteristics. One paper specifically addresses a challenge in Norway: lack of student interest in science and technology, proposing the Hessdalen mystery and the Science Camp project as an exciting, hands-on teaching case to motivate both junior high and college students in fields like Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Finally, the sources touch upon potential geophysical causes, such as local geology (gabbro and conductive bodies), piezoelectricity from quartz and copper, and the influence of solar activity and power lines in creating the observed electrical phenomena.

Then I asked: "Can you list the theories or best attempt to explain the phenomena?"

The investigation into the Hessdalen Phenomenon (HL) and related Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) has led to several theories and attempts at explanation, drawing from physics, geophysics, and new speculative models. A definitive, self-consistent, quantitative theory that accounts for all observed aspects is not yet available.The primary theories drawn from the sources attempt to explain the phenomenon's origin, energy source, and optical properties:

To understand the scientific approach to the Hessdalen lights, imagine the phenomenon is a complex, multi-faceted diamond. Different theories act like specialized tools: The geophysical models (like the "Natural Battery" and Piezoelectricity) are focused drills attempting to locate the bedrock energy source, while the plasma models (like Turner's electrochemical model) are microscopes used to examine the delicate internal structure of the light itself. Meanwhile, the Vorton model uses entirely new theoretical blueprints, proposing the diamond is powered by an unknown, exotic core. The diversity of these approaches underscores how the phenomena remain just "beyond the frontiers of present knowledge".